Upper respiratory bacterial diseases (Chapter 24)
1. What bacterium causes streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat)?
2. How is strep throat spread?
3. What are the typical symptoms of strep throat?
4. If the strep bacterium happens to be infected with a temperate phage, what complications may arise? (Scarlet fever)
5. What is usually the underlying cause of bronchitis and does antibiotic treatment lead to complete recovery?
6. Diptheria was once a feared killer. How did it cause death? Is diptheria still present in the world? Where? What bacteria causes diptheria? What is a pseudomembrane? Why do some strains of diptheria produce toxins and what effect do these toxins have on the body?  What do guinea pigs have to do with diptheria?
7. What is the DTP shot you get when you are kids for?
8. How do ear infections occur and what are some of the long term side effects of these infections?

Lower Respiratory tract bacterial diseases (Chapter 24)
1. What is the common name of the disease pertussis? Describe the symptoms of whooping cough. How prevalent was this disease before vaccination? What causes whooping cough or pertussis? How did most people die from whooping cough?
2. How many people worldwide have tuberculosis (TB)? What part of the body is infected by TB? What are tubercles?  What does sputum have to do with its spread? What causes TB?  Is it easy to grow in culture? Explain fashionable TB. What are the potential threats for the spread of TB in the US? What is the problem with drug-resistant TB?
3. What does TB have to do with milk pasteurization?
 4. What is pneumonia? What is the most common cause of pneumonia? What are typical vs atypical pneumonias? What is another name for strep pneumonia? What types of conditions often lead to bacterial pneumonia? What is the difference between the death rates between gram negative and gram postive-caused pneumonia?
5. What is walking pneumonia and what type of bacteria is it caused by?
6. How did legionnaire’s disease get its name and what type of conditions lead to the growth of the organisms causing this disease?

Nervous System Diseases (Chapter22)
1. Meningitis is the inflammation of what type of cells?
2. Encephalitis is an infection of what type of tissue?
3. Is bacterial meningitis usually a primary or secondary infection?
4. What do the three species that cause most cases of meningitis have in common?
5. What bacterium causes tetanus? What type of environment does the tetanus bacteria need for growth? Do infections spread in your body after infection? What does the tetanus toxin do to your muscles.
6. What bacterium causes botulism? What does botulism toxin do to your muscles.  Why do babies get botulism from honey and adults don’t?  Is boiling food for twenty minutes sufficient to kill botulism spores? If not why would boiling botulism infected food for twenty minutes make it safe to eat?
7. What are the cosmetic uses of botulism toxin?
8. What are three terrible diseases caused by Clostridium species. Are Clostridium species anaerobic, gas producers?
9. What is the modern name for leprosy? Is it still prevalent in the world today.  How is it spread and how long does it take to get the disease after you are exposed?  Is it a painful disease?
10. What is listeriosis, why has it recently become a concern in the US?

Bacterial disease of the oral cavity
1. What is dental plaque?
2. How do bacteria cause cavities and what does sugar have to do with it?
3. What is tarter and how does it lead to gum disease?
4. What is the correlation between dental plaque and heart disease?

Systemic Diseases (Chapter 23)
1. What are buboes?
2. What is a septicemia? What causes the red streaks under the skin? What causes septic shock?
3. What causes childbirth fever? How is it acquired?
4. What is endocarditis? What does endocarditis have to do with poor dental hygiene?
5. Which bacteria causes rheumatic fever? Is this the same bacteria that causes strep throat?
6. Which wild animal is the primary source of tularemia? What system is infected with tularemia?
7. Why are cattle ranchers in Montana killing buffalo? What effect does brucellosis have on cattle? Is brucellosis transmitted by unpastuerized milk? Why is brucellosis difficult to treat with antibiotics?
8. What causes anthrax? Can the bacteria grow in the soil? How do animals get it? What does anthrax have to do with the American prairies? What are the long term effects of using anthrax as a biologic weapon?
9. What types of wounds develop gas gangrene? What causes the disease? What type of tissue is infected? How is it treated?  Is the bacteria aerobic or anaerobic? How does it spread? How does it smell and sound?
10. How is cat scratch fever(disease) spread and what is the disease?
11. What bacteria cause the plague? How do humans get the plague? Describe the symptoms of both bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. What is the historical significance of the plague? Is it still present in the world? Where?
12. How is relapse fever transmitted and why was it used as a syphilis cure?
13. What is the classic symptom of lyme disease? What animal population serves as a reservoir for the bacteria? How do humans get lyme disease?  What are the long-term dangers of lyme disease?  How is lyme disease treated?
14. Why was typhus fever called the great general?  How do humans get typhus? How was typhus prevented in WWII
15. What is the vector of rocky mountain spotted fever? How can you tell the difference between rocky mountain spotted fever and measles?

Bacterial gastrointestinal diseases
1. What is the difference between an infection of the digestive tract and intoxication?
2. What is the difference between diarrhea and dysentery?
3. Which bacteria causes most “intoxication” type food poisoning? What types of food does S. aureus grow best in and what types of symptoms do you get from eating contaminated foods. How many bacteria are need to cause intoxication? Is the toxin destroyed by reheating the food? Why is intoxication often mistaken for the 24 hour flu? s antibiotic treatment necessary for these types of diseases?
4. What type of food poisoning do Closteridium species cause? Are they serious?
5. What type of disease does the Shigella bacteria cause?
6. What are the symptoms of salmonellosis? Which type of bacterial disease prevalent on raw chicken and the outside of eggs?  What causes typhoid fever? How is typhoid fever spread? What are the symptoms of typhoid fever? What types of diseases does typhoid cause? What is the story of Typhoid Mary?
7. What causes cholera? In what type of water does it grow? Describe the cholera disease? How is it treated? What is the current state of cholera in the world?
8. What causes traveler’s diarrhea? What are some longterm effects of traveler’s diarrhea?
9. Which bacteria causes of most stomach ulcers?  How are most ulcers treated now?
10. What type of bacteria accounts for 50% of human fecal mass.  What risk do these bacteria pose to humans? Answers: The anaerobic bacteria Bacteriodes, Wound infections

Bacterial urinary and reproductive system diseases  (Chapter 26)
1. Is urine sterile
2. What type of bacteria colonize the vagina and why?
3. How do contraceptives, spermicides and pregnancy affect the normal microbiota of the vagina?
4. What are the most common organisms causing vaginitis?
5. What type of bacteria usually causes urinary tract infections? How many bacteria /ml indicate a urinary tract infection?
6. What is cystitis and why is it more common in females?
7. What is pyelonephritis?
8. What are STDs?
9. What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in males? What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in females? What are the complications that may occur if gonorrhea becomes systemic? What bacteria is often co-transmitted with gonorrhea?
10. Why do Chlamydia infections often go untreated? What are the complications of Chlamydia infections?
11. What bacteria causes syphilis? Describe the primary stage of syphilis? Describe the secondary stage of syphilis? Describe the latent stage of syphilis? Describe the tertiary stage of syphilis?