Chapters: 11 & 13

Chapter 11:
Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Energy Balance

nEnergy balance

n

nPositive energy balance

n

nNegative energy balance

n

Energy Intake

Energy Expenditure (Output)

Components of energy expenditure:

n25-40% Physical Activity

n60-70% Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

n5-10% Thermal Effect of Food (TEF)

Basal Metabolic Rate

nThe minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive

nIncludes all involuntary activities

Influences on Basal Metabolism

Physical Activity

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

nEnergy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize food nutrients

What is a Healthy Body Weight?

nOther standards such as height/weight tables also provide estimates

Body Mass Index

n

nCorrelates with health risk

nunderweight and overweight people

nMathematical equation

n

Body Mass Index (BMI)

nUnderweight = BMI <

nHealthy weight = BMI

nOverweight = BMI

nObese = BMI

nSeverely obese = BMI >

Underweight Concerns

n15-25% below healthy weight or BMI of <18.5

nProblems:

Estimating Body Composition

Lower-body (gynecoid) obesity--Pear shape

Overweight & Obesity

Health Risks

n

n

n

n

nSleep apnea

nRespiratory problems

nCancer (breast, prostrate, and colon)

Overweight/Obese?

nInternal Causes

nExternal Cause

External Cause of Obesity

nOvereating

nPhysical inactivity

Dieting:

Weight Loss Treatments

n

n

What It Takes To Lose a Pound

nBody fat contains

nFat storage (body fat plus supporting lean tissues) contains 2700 kcal per pound

nMust have an energy deficit of 2700-3500 kcal to lose a pound per week

Loosing a Pound of Fat

Characteristics of a Sound Weight Loss Program

nRate of loss

nGradual wt. loss preferred over rapid wt. loss

n

n

nFlexibility (adapts to individual habits and taste)

nIntake

n

nBehavior Modification

nOverall Health

Exercise & Weight Loss

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION STRATEGIES

Elimination of Eating Cues

To Reduce Amount Eaten

Weight Maintenance

nSupport from others, family, groups

nKeep diet records

nMake meals planned and leisurely

nNo eating after certain time

nHigh-fiber, adequate water

nRealistic, positive attitude

Chapter 13: Disorder Eating

Causes of Eating Disorders

•Many things contribute:

4 Main Types

•Anorexia Nervosa

•Bulimia Nervosa

•Binge Eating Disorder

•Eating disorder not otherwise specified

Anorexia Nervosa

Warning Signs

•Health risk:

–Bone loss

–Organ deteriorate

–Heart decays

–Lanugo

–Low white blood cell count

Bulimia Nervosa

Profile of a Bulimic

•Young (usually female) adults (college students)

•May be predisposed to becoming overweight

•Usually at or slightly above normal weight

•Tried frequent weight-reduction diets as a teen

•Impulsive

•Usually from disengaged families

Binge and Purge

•Binge:

•Purging:

•Health risk:

–Vomiting causes the most problems

–Demineralization of teeth

–Drop in blood potassium (irregular heart beat)

–Liver and kidney damage

–Ulcers

–Constipation

Binge Eating Disorder

•Compulsive overeating

–What type of foods are consumed?

•Recurrent episodes of binge eating

–lack of control over eating

•Not associated with

–purging, fasting, excessive exercise

•Risk:

•Health risk:

DO'S

DON'TS

Treatment

•Learn Establish good, normal eating habits

•Family therapy, support group

•Find and understand the cause

•Possible anti-depressant drugs

•Correct misconceptions about food

For more information