Nutrition
Assessment Basics
What
is it?
Basics
®
Nutrition
assessment is the first step in the nutrition care process, it is a multifactor
approach in which several kinds of information are collected and used to
evaluate an individual’s nutrition status.
®
Note:
there are many unqualified people claim to be experts and provide useless
advice.
Nutrition assessment
®
Apply to
all stages of the life span
®
Nutrition
assessment is a process or series of measurements that define nutrition status.
®
It is
designed to identify individuals who, without change or intervention, will
develop malnutrition.
®
®
®
My be
completed by many members of the health care team
The ABCD’s of
Nutrition Assessment
Anthropometric
Data
Anthropometric
Data
® Accuracy
® Reliability
HEIGHT
AND WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS
HEIGHT-WEIGHT
TABLES
®
Body
weight for height can be assessed though a number of tables
®
Most
famous are Metropolitan Life Insurance Tables
®
Must
determine frame size
®
Based on
healthy people not a lot of ethnicity
®
Growth
charts for children and percentiles.
Body
Mass Index
Fatfold
Measurements
®
Fatfolds, sometimes called skinfolds,
are indicators of body fat and therefore energy reserves.
®
More than
1/2 of body fat lies under the skin and that is why
this measurement accurately reflects body fat.
Must take in more that one site for more accuracy fat may be thicker in
one place than another.
Circumference
Measurements
Biochemical
Analysis
Examples of:
The good:
The bad:
Clinical (Physical) Exam
® Requires skilled person
® In advance stages of
deficiency
® One symptom may relate to
several deficiencies
® N/D/V/C
® Must be used with other
assessment tools
Clinical
(Physical) Examination
®
Clinical
(Physical) Examination
®
Healthy
and malnourished symptoms
Dietary
(Historical) Data
® What should be apart of it?
DIET
HISTORY
®
Diet History
®
24 Hour Recall
®
Food Records
®
Food Frequency
Questionnaire
24 Hour Recall
24 Hour Recall
® Advantages:
® Disadvantages:
Food Records
® Advantages:
® Disadvantages:
Food
Frequency Question
® Advantages:
® Disadvantages:
Life Cycle Nutrition
Pregnancy:
Pregnancy
•
Term’s for Women’s
pregnancy status
•Pregravid:
•Gravid:
•Multigravida:
•Postpartum:
Terms that describes
the # of a Woman’s pregnancies
•Nullipara:
•Primipara:
•Multipara:
Terms that describes
the time surrounding birth
•Prenatal:
•Neonatal:
•Postnatal:
Terms describing an
infant’s gestational age at birth
•Gestation:
•Term:
•Preterm:
•Post
term:
The Placenta
Physiological Changes
of Pregnancy
Weight Gains:
Components of Wt Gain
Metabolism
•Consequence
of the increased secretion of many different hormones during pregnancy the BMR
increases about 15% during later half of pregnancy.
Blood Volume
•45
- 50% increase in blood volume (decreasing conc.)
•
•
•
•
•Needed
for placenta, needs of fetus, and increased perfusion of organs like kidneys.
•Increases
in fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol, free fatty acids
Gastrointestinal
function
Does Nutrition
Matter?
Weight gain during
pregnancy
Nutrients needed:
Nutrients to Avoid
Supplementing
Alcohol During Pregnancy
¨Alcohol crosses placenta and
enters baby’s tissues
¨Increased risk of stillbirths
¨Decreased weight of placenta
¨Poor brain development
¨Decrease in fine motor skills
¨Facial deformities
Smoking during
Pregnancy
¨Mother
¨
¨
¨Baby
Gestational diabetes
Risk Factors for GDM
High Risk Pregnancies