McClure M, Utter FM, Baldwin C, Carmichael R, Hassemer P, Howell P, Spruell P, Cooney T, Schaller H, and Charles Petrosky  (2008) Evolutionary effects of alternative artificial propagation programs: implications for viability of endangered anadromous salmonids.  Ecological Applications. 1: 356-375.

Winans GA, McHenry ML, Baker J, Elz A, Goodbla A, Iwamoto E, Kuligowski D, Miller KM, Small MP, Spruell P, VanDoornik D (2008) Genetic inventory of anadromous Pacific salmonids of the Elwha River prior to dam removal.  Northwest Science 82: 128-

 Whiteley AR, Spruell P, Allendorf FW (2006) Can common species provide valuable information for conservation?  Molecular Ecology. 15:2767-2786.

Whiteley AR, Spruell P, Rieman BE, Allendorf FW (2006) Fine scale genetic structure of bull trout at the Southern limit of their distribution in the Boise River.  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 135: 1238-1253

Whiteley AR, Spruell P, Allendorf FW (2004) Ecological and life history characteristics predict population genetic divergence of two salmonids in the same landscape. Molecular Ecology 13:3675-3688.

Spruell P, Hemmingsen AR, Howell PJ, Kanda N, Allendorf FW (2003) Conservation genetics of bull trout: geographic distribution of variation at microsatellite loci.  Conservation Genetics 4: 17-29.

Neraas LP & Spruell P (2001) Fragmentation of riverine systems: the origins of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) collected at the base of Cabinet Gorge Dam, Montana.  Molecular Ecology 10: 1153-1164.

Allendorf FW, Leary RF, Spruell P & Wenberg JK (2001) The problem with hybrids: setting conservation guidelines.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution  16: 613-622