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Department of Psychology

Service Model

Model	Original Medical Model 1800-Present	Mental Illness 1850-1950	Education/Behavioral Skills Training 1920-70	Normalization 1970-1990	Quality of Life 1980-present	Personal Responsibility 1990-present	Advocacy 1950-present	Pseudo Business 1990-present
Value Base	Physical Health	Freedom from pathology	Adaption to environment	Survival through social integration	Respect desires of service recepients	Actualization	Rescue the overwhelmed	Profit
Assumptions Regarding Recepient of Services	Diseased, injured, defectively formed or otherwise disabled	Person failed to develop normally or acquired abnormal actions	An organism, either lacking skills or posessing inappropriate behaviors	A target for abuse by valued people. The clients are victims	A person with desires as everyone else, but less ability to fulfill them	Person capable of self-determination needing opportunities and/or education	Array of services is so complex that consumer cannot intelligently access and ochestrate them	Consumers have needs and their caretakers have the means to pay
Labels for Recipients	Patients	Patients/Clients	Subjects/Students	Clients	Consumers	Members/Clients	Consumers/Clients	Consumers/Customers
Goals	Kill germs, remove defective part, relieve symptoms	Cure the underlying cause of the pathology	Retrain the organism to exhibit approved behaviors	Make the deviance as invisible as posiible	A life that the person experiences as happy	Teach responsible decision making & skills neeeded to implement decisions	Facilitate the consumers selection and access to appropriate services	Maximixe profits
Means	Medication or surgery primarily	Therapeutic techniques such as Psychoanalysis	Behavioral techniques such as reinforcement, stimulus control, and discrimination learning	Disperse and integrate the clients into society. Remove cues used to identify them	Create environment most conducive to happiness	Set the example; take advantage of "natural teaching moments"; Formal education Empowerment	Assess need, educate consumer, contact providers, create services where they do not exist	Intensive marketing to decision makers; low cost delivery of minimally accepatable services
Predominant Decision Makers	Licensed physician	Qualified professional therapists	Qualified (behaviorally trained) professionals	Qualified (normalization trained) professionals	Unclear; shared	Client with decision making process guided by professionals	Qualified (social work) professional	Chief Executive Officer
Professional Client Relationship	Directive doctor; obedient patient	Professional maneuvers client through experiences which correct problems or developmental disabilities	Professional changes client, e.g. "Bill will bathe independently 50% of the time."	Professional uses any techniques that work to erase the stigmatizing cues	Professional attempts to do what will lead to clients happiness	Professional sets boundaries within which the clients learn through experience	Professional usually employed by third party, e.g. government agency, to represent consumer's interst	Contractee Welfare recipient
Effects on Recipients	Cured or provided relief from suffering	Resolution of problems; frees client for normal life	Acquires new skills; extinguishes old response patterns	Best protection from abuse but loss of identity	Enjoyable life	Develops responsible decision making powers &freedom from direction by others	Recipients receive appropriate array of services	Presenting symptoms relieved
Special Strength	Concrete, usually quick, corrects some problems; reiieves suffering victims not blamed	Addresses underlying causes; corrects fundamental problems	Ideal when conditioning error is the root problem, e.g.phobias	Improves client social acceptability	Adds element of subjective enjoyment of life, which most models disregard	Focus on personal responsibility, choice and accountability	Provides an expert on experts; protects vulnerable consumers	Standardization of services Lower costs
Major Weakness	Teaches non-responsibility; promotes dependency	Invalid construct; causes unidentified; high cost; slow	Easy to manipulate, abuse, or exploit recipients; dehumanizes	Tendency to force changes upon recipients, appearances become all important	Easily used to cover poor, custodial care; can promote degenerate lifestyle	Social/governmental opposition; slower; can be used vindictively	Split loyalty problem since advocate is rarely paid by consumer; promotes dependency	Poor quality service; depersonalization; very restriced choices
Paradigms	War	Medical Model	Animal training	Civil rights; Assimilation	Hedonism	Aristotle, Kant ; Existentialism	Redemption; Ombudsman	Contracted welfare services; Turn of centuries monopolies
General Comments	Authoritarian paternalism	Corrects underlying pathologies so development can continue	"Biggest bang for the buck"; fastest results for specific goals	Most politically expedient, camouflages problems the quickest	Legally safest, least likely to do harm or good	Most lasting benefits; sacriices speed and appearance for permanence and personal growth	Needed in complicated, highly specialized society	True business model far better; combines worst of charity and business models

| Practicum/Internship | Department of Psychology | College of Humanities & Social Sciences |